Thursday, November 28, 2019

Challenge and Implementation Essay Example

Challenge and Implementation Essay Management Information System Implementation Challenges, Success Key Issues, Effects and Consequences : A Case Study of Fenix System Master’s Thesis within Military Logistics Author: Artit Kornkaew Tutor: Leif-Magnus Jensen Jonkoping May 2 01 2 INTENTIONALLY BLANK ii Acknowledgements First of all, I w ould like to thank my parents for moral support in everything. In addition, I w ant to take this opportunity to express Royal Thai Air Force for scholarship in this master program me. I would like to thank my tutor Professor Leif -Magnus Jensen for his su pport and guidance. I also want to thank Per Skoglund for his advice and interesting thoughts. In addition, I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude to all the respondents f rom the Royal Thai Air Force, Swedish Defe nce Material Administration, Swedish Air Force, and IT companies f or valuable information. Finally, I w ould like to express my immense thanks and gratitude to all people who contributed to make this thesis successful . May 2012, Jonkoping Artit Kornkaew iii Master Thesis within Military Logistics Title: M anagement Information System (MIS) Implementation C hallenges, Success Key Issues, Effects and Consequences: A C ase Study of Fenix System Author: Artit Kornkaew Tutor: Leif-Magnus Jensen Place and Date: Jonkoping, May 2012 Subject terms: M anagement Information System (MIS), Information System (IS), Implementation Challenges, Success Factors, Organisational Impacts, Effects and Consequences Abstract During the growth of a competitive global enviroment, there is considerable pressure on most organisa tions to make their operational, tactical, and strategic process more efficient and effective. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenge and Implementation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Challenge and Implementation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Challenge and Implementation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An information system (IS) is a group of components which can increase the competitiveness and gain better information for decision making. Consequently, many organisa tions decide to implement IS in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the ir organisa tions. However, a lack of a wareness of numerous and varied challenging issues surrounding the implemenation process could be problematic for the whole process. Furthermore, the problem of a lack of k ey success issues seems to be a serious obstacle for the management information system ( MIS) implementation process. Additionally, MIS implementation has effects on an organisa tion and these effects are relate d to the consequences of the business processes . Consequently, this issue is critical and cru cial for an organisa tion to consider when they implement a new MIS. The main purpose of this thesis is to present the MIS implementation challenges or problems together with identifying the k ey issues to successfully a chieve implementation. Such challenges and success factors are conducted based on a research framework. In a ddition, this research a ccesses descriptions of implementation effects and consequences which impact the organisa tion and its processes. This thesis has been conducted by studying the theory divided into three parts including: general background litera ture of information systems, implementation aspects, and organisa tional impacts literature . The methods that were used to successfullly accomplish this study were a case study of Fenix System, collecting data by personal interviews with respondents who were involved in Fenix a long with internal document s. The a nalysis of the research framework and empirical findings ha s contributed to a description of the main challenges and key success issues regarding MIS implementation, together with an identification of important effects and consequences when implementing MIS. This thesis’s main results show that MIS implementation is surrounded with challenges which mainly concern management, adminsitration, and people issues involved in MIS implementation pro cess. Additionally, it was concluded that the key issues which the MIS implementation project should be presented with primarily focused on the project team and their te a m work. The last main finding is concentrated on effects and consequences and i t found out that MIS implementation mainly affects business process which le a d to change, for instance jobs, routines, a nd so forth. iv Table of Contents 1 Introduction . 1 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 Background . . .. .. 1 Problem . . .. .. Research Questions . . .. . 3 Purpose . . .. .. 3 Delimitation.. .. .. 3 Definations . . .. .. . 4 Disposition of the Thesis . . .. .. 4 2 Frame of Reference .. 6 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 3. 1 2. 3. 2 2. 3. 3 2. 4 2. 4. 1 2. 4. 2 2. 5 M anagement Information System (MIS) . . 6 Information System (IS) and Information Technology (IT) . . 8 M IS Implementation A spects . . .. 11 M IS Implementation Process.. .. . 11 M IS Implementation Challenges . . .. 14 K ey Issues for M IS Implementation Success . . 16 Organisational Impacts of an Implementation . . 18 Impact of Information System .. .. .. 18 Implementation Effects and Consequences . . . 19 Summary of the Research F ramework . . .. 22 3 Methodology . 3 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3. 6 3. 6. 1 3. 6. 2 Research Approach and Design.. . 23 Choice of M ethod . . .. .. 23 Case Study .. .. .. 25 Data Collection Process . . .. . 26 Data Analysis. . .. . 9 The Trustworthiness of the R esearch . . 29 Validity.. .. .. 29 Reliability . . .. .. .. 30 4 Empirical Finding .. 31 4. 1 4. 1. 1 4. 1. 2 4. 1. 3 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 4. 4. 1 The Case of Fenix System.. .. . 31 Involved Organisations of Fenix System . . 31 F enix System Background . . .. .. 32 F enix (E) system i mplementation process . . 34 F enix (E) System Implementation Challenges .. . 37 F enix (E) System Implementation Success Key Issues .. 39 Organisational Impacts.. .. 40 Effects and Consequences of Fenix System Implementation . .. 40 5 Analysis. 43 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 4. 1 5. 5 Introduction . . .. .. 43 M IS Implementation Challenges.. . 43 M IS Implementation Success K ey Issues.. 46 Organisational Impacts . .. 47 Effects and Consequences on the Organisation and its Processes . .. 47 Summary . . .. .. . 48 v 6 Conclusions .. 50 7 Discussion .. 51 8 References.. 3 9 Appendices 59 9. 1 9. 2 Appendix 1 – Definitions . . .. 59 Appendix 2 – Interview Guide.. .. . 60 List of Figures Figure 2. 1 Frame of Reference Description. 6 Figure 2. 2 Five Components of an Information System (IS) .. Figure 2. 3 Software Sources and Types . 9 Figure 2. 4 Information System Development Cycles 12 Figure 2. 5 Dimensions of Impact. 19 Figure 2. 6 The Research Framework 2 Figure 4. 1 EmpirIcal Finding Structure 31 Figure 4. 2 Gripen 39 C/D Fighter Aircraft and SAAB 340 AEW 32 Figure 4. 3 Overview of Fenix System 33 Figure 4. 4 Fenix (E) Applications Architecture Overview. 35 Figure 4. Test and Trials Period and â€Å"Go-Live † for Fenix (E) 37 Figure 4. 6 Fenix Project Organisation and Responsibilities 40 Figure 5. 1 Modified Research Framework Model.. 49 List of Tables Table 2. 1 Categorisation of Information Sy stem (IS) Implementation Challenge Issues 5 Table 2. 2 Summary of Key Issues for Implementation Success 17 Table 2. 3 Summary of Implementation Effects and Consequences on an Organisation and its Processes 21 Table 3. 1 Distinctions Between Quantitative and Qualitative Research .. 24 Table 3. 2 Details of the Interviews .. 8 vi Introduction 1. Introduction 1. 1 Background During the growth of a competitive global enviroment, there is considerable pressure on most organisa tions to make their operational, tactical, and strategic processes more efficient and effective . An information system (IS) is a group of components which can increase competitiveness and gain better information for decision making. Therefore various organisa tions have chosen to apply thi s group of components to their a ssociations (Spalding, 1998). Consequently, the organisa tions decide to implement IS in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the organisa tions. Information systems ha ve become a major function area of business administration. The systems, nowada ys, plays a vital role in the e -business and e -commerce operations, enterprise collaboration and management, and s trategic success of the business ( Hevner et al . , 2 004). According to Ein-Dor a nd Segev (1978), an IS becomes a management information system (MIS) when it is applied to improve ma na gement by directors of the organisa tion. This system can increase the performance of the management. MIS is a collection of manpowers, tools, procedures and software to perform various business tasks at various levels in the organisa tion (Tripathi, 2011 ). This system has three basic levels: operational, middle management and top management where the information is passed from bottom to top (Tripathi, 2011). Moreover, MIS is one of the important functions of management which plays an important role in providing information that is required for crucial decision making which directly a ffects the performance of the organisa tion (Murthy, 2006). Due to a fundamentally changing external environment, several organisa tions have decided to change their IS strategies by adopting application software packages rather than in-house development (Hong Kim, 2002). According to Davenport (1998), the most significant development in the corporate use of IS is the establishment of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. ERP systems a re an information technology ( IT) infrastructure that facilitate the flow of information between all supply chain processes in a n organisa tion (Al-Mashari Zairi, 2000). ERP systems, moreover, provide the means for management to respond to increased business needs in more effective and efficien t ways (Spathis Constantinides, 2003). Nonetheless, a concern regarding E RP systems regards their flexibility and ability to meet specific organ isa tion and industry requirements. As a result, some organisa tions still integrate their systems using conventional best of breed (BoB) or stand a lone system components of standard package a nd/or custom software without ERP systems (Davenport, 2000). In addition, some organisa tions have developed their own customised suite s of nterprise applications, known as a best of breed (BoB) IT strategy, which offers greater flexibility and clos er a lignment of software with the business process of the organ isa tion (Light, Holland Wills, 2001). Therefore a doption and utilisa tion of ERP and BoB systems should be considered as an important factor which should be suitable for the organisa tions and the current busines s processes. In private organisa tions, IS a re important factors in assuring the competitive advantage a nd eventual profitability of the firm. On the other hand, in governmental organisa tions IS a re just as crucial, but from a nother perspective, in terms of responsivesness, 1 Introduction efficiency, and productivity (Beaumaster, 1999). In defense organ isa tions they also share the same objectives as many private -sector corporations: for instance they are striving to decrease costs by redesigning and integrating processes. Hence defense organisa tions require IS with the integrated system and technology platform both within and across the organisa tion in order to achi eve greater visibility and affordable operational readiness. For example, the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) formalised a n E RP project due to many old and bespoke systems, lack of integration, and high complexity of current IT systems. Moreover, efficiency a nd effectiveness can be increased in IS for maintenance of a ircraft; SAF has implemented a n a viation â€Å"best of breed† solutions information system called the Fenix System. In addition, t his system has been implemented in the Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) since 2010 . This research will focus on the implementation of MIS and provides a case study of the Fenix System which is a management information system for the maintenance of a ircrafts. . 2 Problem Many companies have been implementing IS in their respective organisa tions a nd reorganising their business process es (Rajagopal, 2002) . Computer-based IS mainly depend on IT; consequently, succe ssful IS can be measured by the effectiveness of IT to support a n organisa tion’s strategies (O’Brien, 2004). The deman d for efficient and effective use of IT is also gradually increas ing a t the present time (Beaumaster, 2002). An organisa tion that adopted an IT system to provide special attention to planning, a cquisition, and implementation of these technologies . Those associates must be aware of the various number of issues which a re a part of the ability of the organisa tion to achieve effective IT implement ation (Beaumaster, 2002). It is important to not e that more than 70 per cent of standard package (i. e. E RP system) implementa tion projects fail (Milis Mercken, 2002 ). Therefore, IS implementation is surrounded with various problems regarding the implementation process a nd it is not easy to succe ed. There are several problems which occur during the implementation of IS. These problems can be observed in a series corresponding to each stage of the overall process. It appears that every layer is comprised of multiple issues that create or worsen the challenges (Beaumaster, 2002). MIS or IS ha ve to provide a n a pproach to deal with the ever-changing problems and be situated surrounding all aspects of the management of information (Theiruf, 1994). Moreover, the succe ss of IS implementation in the organisa tion also depends on a multitude of important and interrelated factors (Beaumaster, 2002). Hence it is a of great significance to take into account this and observe the obstacles when implementing an new information system. In order to ensure success of MIS implementation, therefore, the k ey success factors should be determined a nd indicated on which issues will a llow a project to be successful (Gargeya Bardy, 2005). As mentioned earlier, adopting IS is one factor which increase s the effectiveness and efficiency in a n organisa tion. However, implementing IS a ffects the organisa tion to a great degree and can be seen as a major change for a n organisa tions’ processes; for instance, it requires employees to change (Chan, 2000 ; Davies, 2009 ). Many companies have found that implementing such change s is the most difficult part of IS implementation ( Kroenke, 200 7 ). In addition, IS can effect individuals, groups, a nd a whole organisa tion when IS was introduced into that organisa tion. This system can create both a positive and negative impact on these level s (Davies, 2009). The negative effect of IS occurs when the system fails. This failure can be ana lysed on the technical, 2 Introduction project, organisa tional and environmental level. Thus a good strategy is significantly concerned with a voiding the failure of the system and achiev ing a successful system (Davies, 2009). Problem statement Considering the a forementioned context, it is important to notice that a lack of a wareness of numerous and varied challenging issues surrounding the implemenation process could cause problems for the whole process of MIS development and deployment. Furthermore, the problem of a lack of k ey success issues seems to be a serious obstacle for the MIS implementation process. It is essential to define the success factors amd manage them in order to carry out a successful the implementation. Additionally , MIS implementation effects a n organisa tion and these effects are relate d to the consequences of the business processes. Consequently, this issue is critical and cru cial for an organisa tion to consider when implementing a new MIS in the organisa tion. The problem addressed in this study focus the challenges and k ey success issues regarding IS implementation. Additionally, the problem a ddressed in this study refers to effects and consequences on a n organisa tion and its business process. 1. 3 Research Questions In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the following research questions were identified: ? ? What problems/challenges have been faced in MIS implementation processes? What are the key issues that need to be identified in order to achieve a successful ? MIS implementation? What are the effects and consequences for an organisa tion and its processes when implementing MIS? 1. 4 Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to present and describe MIS implementation challenges or problems a s well as identifying the k ey issues to achieve successful implementation. Moreover, this research seeks to explain the implementation effects and consequences which impact the organisa tion a nd its processes. 1. 5 Delimitations This report will not consider modification of already -existing MIS, only new MIS implementation. Information system implementation in this study concentrate s on purchasing standard package software, not developing in-house software. In a ddition, in the case study of the Fenix System, the research will not take into account the full version of the Fenix System, but will mainly focus on the system which was implemented by the Royal Thai Air Force ( RTAF), called Fenix E xport version or Fenix (E) . The limitation of the Fenix (E) is a n information system which is used for operation monitoring only for aircraft maintenance in the RTAF, a nd is not be used a nd integrated with other actors in the supply chain. Consequently , the supply chain perspective will not be considered in this research. 3 Introduction 1. 6 Definition This research uses some technical terms and concepts which could be hard to understand. Therefore a list of definitions is created in order enable the reader to have an understanding of these issues. In this section the main definitions that are significant for the purpose of this thesis will be explained. The rest of t hem will be clarified and explained in Appendix 1. Management Information System ( MIS): MIS refers to an information system that makes timely and effective decisions for planning, directing a nd controlling the activities for which they are resposible and also helps businesses achieve their goals and objective s. In this study, MIS will be used as a similar definition to Information System (IS). MIS Implementation: That is a part of the information system development process devoted to delivering the information system into its context of use. In this study, it is titled â€Å"IS implementation process† and is a lso mentioned a s one of the steps of implementation process. In orde r to clarify this confusion, therefore, the process sometimes will be la belled as â€Å"IS Development and Deployment Process†. Effects and Consequences: A consequence is based on an effect and affects the way of working. In this study I would like to see what consequences have been generated due to the effects of implementation of MIS a nd how these impacts have affected the business processes a nd organisa tion. Key Issues for MIS implementation Success: The k ey success issues in this study can be called â€Å"success factors† which refer to factors that have to be achieve d in order to carry out a successful implementation of MIS. These are key area s where successful performance will assure the success of the organ isa tion and the a ttainment of its goals that top management should take into account . 1. 7 Disposition of the Thesis In order to provide the reader with a n overview of the thesis, the research structure and details below are summarised and present ed in the following way: Chapter 1 – Introduction: The background to the thesis is present in this chapter. This provides the reader with a basic understanding of the subject and issues. In addition, the research problems are defined in the field of management information system implementation. Also, the purpose of the thesis is described together with delimitations. Since this thesis uses some technical terms, some of primary definitions are defined in order to a llow the reader to understand the purpose of the thesis. Chapter 2 – The Frame of Reference: The frame of reference presents some understanding of the relevant implementing of MIS. In this chapter, management information systems (MIS) will be described as well as information systems (IS) and information technology (IT). One of the most important information systems for enterprise in the last two decades, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) and the best of breed (BoB) solution , a re described in order to gain more 4 Introduction understanding in technolgy relate d to information systems. In addition, the framework of MIS implementation with problematic issues together with k ey succes factors a re explained. Additionally, organisa tional impacts by MIS implementation focused on effects and consequences on an organisa tion and its processes will be presented. Chapter 3 – Method: This chapter will use methodology combining a theoretical and empirical approach. This research uses a qualitative method a nd uses a case study as research in order to achieve the research’s purpose. Chapter 4 – Empirical Findings: The chapter will present findings of the empirical research including the case study of the Fenix System. In-depth interviews in diffferent perspectives from the respondents involved in implementat ion process of Fenix (E) in Wing 7 , RTAF will be carried out . Chapter 5 – A nalysis: The intention in this chapter is to the give the readers my explanation of the findings related to my research questions. Moreover, theory and empirical data are combined to interpret a nd ana lyse the findings. Chapter 6 – Conclusions: This chapter will provide the readers with the main findings in problems and effects and consequences of implementing MIS togethe r with identifying k ey success issues. In a ddition, the major effects and consequences of implementing MIS will be described. Chapter 7 – D iscussion: The final chapter includes some discussion on some general aspects regarding the findings or lesson learned obtained from this study. Additionally, the trendency of the Fenix System will be discussed in this chapter. Frame of Reference 2. Frame of Reference In this chapter the reader will be more a ble to understand the subject and identify the suitable theoretical areas for creating an understanding which are connected to the purpose of the thesis. This review will ground the study of management information system (MIS) implementation issues in the field of information systems ( IS). In essence, the review relate s to MIS implementation a nd consists of three main sections which a re focused in the research and writing that provide the main idea of this study. 2 . 3 MIS Implementation Aspects Implementation Process Challenges Success Factors 2 . 4 Organisational i mpacts by MIS i mplementation Effects and Consequences Summary Summary 2. 2 IS a nd IT ERP BoB Part III 2. 1 MIS Part II Part I This review begins with a pre sentation of a general background of literature which a ims to give the reader an understanding of the subject. This part relates to MIS which focuses on management of information systems. Moreover, the discussion of E RP and â€Å"best of breed† solutions, two existing a pproaches to information systems for enterprise software systems will be described. In addition, this section includes a discussion of information systems (IS) related to information technology (IT) . The second part of this chapter provides literature a ssociated with MIS implementaion processes a nd its surrounding challenges a long with its success factors . The third part of this section discusses organisa tional impacts on business/organisa tion processes including effects a nd consequences when MIS has been implemented. Finally, the summary of the research framework is illustratated as the model which will be used as a guide for analysis (see Figure 2 . 1 ) The research Framework Figure 2. Frame of Reference Description (source: constructed by the author, 2012) Part 1 General Background Literature 2. 1 Management Information Systems (MIS) The literature a bout management information systems (MIS) has been developed since the 1960s. An evolution of MIS can be divided into three periods: data processing, management information systems, and strategic information systems (Somogyi Galliers, 1987 ). The first era , â€Å"data processing†, is mainly focused on improving the efficiency of business through automation of basic information process es with not too much control over planning or resources. he second era, â€Å"management information systems†, was concerned about the enhancement of managerial effectiveness by satisfying widespread information requirements. Managers of each organisa tion came to realise the capability of information technology resources and started to acquire their own systems to meet the requirements. The third era, â€Å"strategic information systems †, focused on improving organisa tional competitiveness advantages by affecting the overall organisa tional business strategies. This period is n a pproach to use strategic management in MIS such as various and diverse information technologies, widespread 6 Frame of Reference user involvement, and significant planning and implementation strategies (B eaumaster, 1 999). A variety of the definitions of MIS have been indicated, for example Ives, Hamilton a nd Davis (1980 : p. 910 ) defined MIS as a â€Å"computer-based organisa tional information system which provides information support for management activities and functions† which is similar to E in-Dor a nd Segev (1978 : p. 065) who described it thus: â€Å"MIS is a system for collecting, sorting, retrieving and processing information which is used, or desired, by one of more manager, in the performance of their duties† . Furthermore, Davies (2009) claimed that MIS is one types of information system that support s the tactical dec ision-making of managers, and also monitors the current state of the organisa tion. Moreover, Kroenke (2007 : p. 5 ) mentioned that MIS has three key elements including: development and use, information system s, and business goals and objectives. MIS can be named a s a n organisa tional information system, a computerbased information system, or a n information system (IS ; Ives et al. , 1980). Various characteristics of MIS are considered a s important factors for the efficiency of MIS which is to report with fixed and standard information; to have report s developed a nd implemented using information system personnel, including systems analysts and computer programmers; to require formal request s from user; a nd to produce scheduled a nd demanded reports. In addition, external data a re used by the MIS while it is not captured by the organisa tion (Asemi, Safari Zavareh, 2011) . Furthermore

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Blockbuster Proposal

Main Competitors Around the North Carolina State University campus, there is not an extensive variety of places to rent movies and videogames. Besides the smaller video stores such as North American Video in Mission Valley, the main movie rental store is the Blockbuster on Avent Ferry Road. Blockbuster already has a competitive advantage around NC State’s campus because they have the biggest selection of new releases, old favorites, and the latest in video games. Smaller stores have a hard time competing against Blockbuster because of their lesser amount of financial assets and advertisements. By adding a Blockbuster onto the Papa John’s on Hillsborough Street, we will not have any main competitors in the general area. Our store should not draw any customers away from the Avent Ferry location, but should boost sales and rentals at both sites. Creating this new business is going to give Papa John’s and Blockbuster both a significant amount of publicity and new promotions. Market Segment Since the location of our business is on Hillsborough Street, our main market segment will be the students at North Carolina State University and surrounding colleges. Purchases from college students account for a large majority of the pizza and movie rentals each year, so I believe our business is strategically in a profitable location. The neighborhoods behind Hillsborough Street are occupied by off-campus students and families, which would also benefit from our business. With the vast number of single-family homes and apartments within our delivery range, customer purchases should increase at an enormous rate with the introduction of our new service. Movie delivery along with our pizza services would save our customers both time and money, two items that are very important to younger demographics. Marketing Strategy At Papa John’s, we focus an immense amount of attention on our marketing strategies, advertisement, and pro... Free Essays on Blockbuster Proposal Free Essays on Blockbuster Proposal Main Competitors Around the North Carolina State University campus, there is not an extensive variety of places to rent movies and videogames. Besides the smaller video stores such as North American Video in Mission Valley, the main movie rental store is the Blockbuster on Avent Ferry Road. Blockbuster already has a competitive advantage around NC State’s campus because they have the biggest selection of new releases, old favorites, and the latest in video games. Smaller stores have a hard time competing against Blockbuster because of their lesser amount of financial assets and advertisements. By adding a Blockbuster onto the Papa John’s on Hillsborough Street, we will not have any main competitors in the general area. Our store should not draw any customers away from the Avent Ferry location, but should boost sales and rentals at both sites. Creating this new business is going to give Papa John’s and Blockbuster both a significant amount of publicity and new promotions. Market Segment Since the location of our business is on Hillsborough Street, our main market segment will be the students at North Carolina State University and surrounding colleges. Purchases from college students account for a large majority of the pizza and movie rentals each year, so I believe our business is strategically in a profitable location. The neighborhoods behind Hillsborough Street are occupied by off-campus students and families, which would also benefit from our business. With the vast number of single-family homes and apartments within our delivery range, customer purchases should increase at an enormous rate with the introduction of our new service. Movie delivery along with our pizza services would save our customers both time and money, two items that are very important to younger demographics. Marketing Strategy At Papa John’s, we focus an immense amount of attention on our marketing strategies, advertisement, and pro...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Water Pollution in the Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf) Article

Water Pollution in the Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf) - Article Example Also the three tankers of crude oil were poured in the Kuwait’s port of Mina Al-Ahmadi as a result of the infiltration of combats engaged in Gulf War. This oil spill of 1991 is referred as the largest incident in the history ever owing to the magnitude of its consequences . The Arabian Gulf (Persian Gulf), located between the Iran and Arabian Peninsula, holds considerable geographic and economic significance. One of its prime significances exhibits it to be listed among the top ranked hydrocarbon reserves of the world. This gulf region is often regarded as one of the prime locations for the extraction of oil and planned waterways in the world. The area is rich in water resources and is driven by various gradients. The water of normal salinity enters through different water surfaces into the Arabian Gulf nurturing unique bio diversity in the water region. Before the occurrence of this incident, the water of the Arabian Gulf was considered to have the highest evaporation rate in comparison to the other water sources in the world, adding to its ecological significance .For instance, the oil spill accident of 1991 created severe water pollution along the coastal areas due to which, not only the marine life but also the health of the population was witnessed to be obstructed. It was estimated by the experts that around 700 oil wells were destroyed and set on fire by the Iraqi soldiers . 3. The crude oil and large quantity of petroleum products were released in the water due to the oil spill, which affected the marine life causing water pollution and also created serious hazards in respect to human health. The tidal currents in the sea further carried the crude oil towards the coast of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States affecting the life of many marine birds, which to an extent, also obstructed the free flow of the biological system on the land close to the coastal areas. Around 30000 marine birds were killed due to the crude oil exposure in the Gulf. It was al so observed that about 20% of mangroves and 50% of coral reefs were affected due to water pollution caused by the oil spill accident that had a strong adverse effect on the eco system of the region. The most affected areas because of the oil spill were the northern coast of Saudi Arabia and the Bay of Kuwait4. The discussion henceforth thus focuses on the consequences of the oil spill in those areas and the steps taken by the government in the mitigation process of the pollution caused from the incident from a critical perspective. Consequences of Oil Spill on Marine Life around Arabian Gulf Components of the Gulf Coast Oil Spill Crude oil contains many harmful toxic components, which are capable of affecting the marine life causing water pollution and thus, in turn leads to deteriorating human health. Likewise, the oil spill in t